Systematic and stepwise interprofessional education in Showa University / 医学教育

　At Showa University, which consists of the Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, systematic interprofessional education for the purpose of training staff who can contribute to the medical team has been introduced with the cooperation of all 4 schools and through all undergraduate years. In the lower years, students study the basics of medical team care through a 4-school joint curriculum of experiential learning （such as early exposure） and problem-based learning inside and outside of the university. In the upper years, to acquire practical skills, students study the practice of medical team care through a joint curriculum of participatory learning in hospitals and the community. Through this curriculum, I expect that the medical staff to promote patient-centered team medical care in a variety of medical fields will grow in the future.

A rare Asian founder polymorphism of Raptor may explain the high prevalence of Moyamoya disease among East Asians and its low prevalence among Caucasians

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>In an earlier study, we identified a locus for Moyamoya disease (MMD) on 17q25.3.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Linkage analysis and fine mapping were conducted for two new families in additional to the previously studied 15 families. Three genes, CARD14, Raptor, and AATK, were selected based on key words, namely, "inflammation", "apoptosis", "proliferation", and "vascular system", for further sequencing. A segregation analysis of 34 pedigrees was performed, followed by a case-control study in Japanese (90 cases vs. 384 controls), Korean (41 cases vs. 223 controls), Chinese (23 cases and 100 controls), and Caucasian (25 cases and 164 controls) populations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Linkage analysis increased the LOD score from 8.07 to 9.67 on 17q25.3. Fine mapping narrowed the linkage signal to a 2.1-Mb region. Sequencing revealed that only one newly identified polymorphism, ss161110142, which was located at position -1480 from the transcription site of the Raptor gene, was common to all four unrelated sequenced familial affected individuals. ss161110142 was then shown to segregate in the 34 pedigrees studied, resulting in a two-point LOD score of 14.2 (P = 3.89 × 10(-8)). Its penetrance was estimated to be 74.0%. Among the Asian populations tested (Japanese, Korean, and Chinese), the rare allele was much more frequent in cases (26, 33, and 4%, respectively) than in controls (1, 1, and 0%, respectively) and was associated with an increased odds ratio of 52.2 (95% confidence interval 27.2-100.2) (P = 2.5 × 10(-49)). This allele was, however, not detected in the Caucasian samples. Its population attributable risk was estimated to be 49% in the Japanese population, 66% in the Korean population, and 9% in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ss161110142 may confer susceptibility to MMD among East Asian populations.</p><p><b>ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL</b>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12199-009-0116-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>

A Case of Proximal Control of Patent Internal Thoracic Artery Graft Flow by a Supraclavicular Approach during Redo Cardiac Surgery / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 68-year-old man who had undergone previous coronary artery bypass grafting was admitted with cardiac failure because of aortic valve stenosis and severe mitral valve regurgitation. Preoperative cardiac catheterization showed a patent left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and a stenotic saphenous vein graft. We performed aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair, and coronary artery bypass grafting with repeat sternotomy, moderate hypothermia (29.3°C), aortic cross-clamping, retrograde cardioplegia and proximal occlusion of the LITA graft using a soft bulldog clamp. The proximal LITA was occluded through a supraclavicular incision without intrathoracic dissection. Although cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time and aortic cross-clamp time were prolonged, the patient was taken off CPB without any problem. The postoperative course was uneventful. We believe that this technique is safe and effective for establishing myocardial protection without deep hypothermia and risk of LITA injury.

Successful Surgical Treatment of Extensive Mitral Annular Calcification Using CUSA and MIRA Valve / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We experienced a case of extensively calcified mitral annulus and severe mitral regurgitation. A 75-year-old woman underwent successful debridement of an annular calcification with a CUSA^® and replacement of mitral valve with a MIRA^TM valve in a supra-annular position. Use of CUSA^® allowed safe removal of the calcification and prevented the tearing of the A-V groove vessels. In our technique, calcification is left to a certain extent to keep annular strength. Also the MIRA^TM valve has soft and rich sewing cuff, which enhances coaptation in highly calcified annuli and accommodates even fragile tissue. This makes it possible to implant valves even in severely diseased annulus conditions.

A Case of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for a Patient with Hereditary Protein S Deficiency / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We encountered a very rare case of a patient with hereditary protein S deficiency who underwent successful coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A 38-year-old man was admitted for scheduled coronary artery bypass grafting. Preoperative investigation showed protein S deficiency. He underwent two-vessel CABG surgery with regular cardiopulmonary bypass. After hemostasis, intravenous heparin was started. The dose of warfarin was gradually increased until the INR reached about 2.5. Then heparin was stopped. His postoperative course was uneventful. There was no thromboembolic event. Both grafts were patent.